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Cullum Geographical Medal
The Cullum Geographical Medal is one of the oldest awards of the American Geographical Society. It was established in the will of Major General George Washington Cullum (1809–92), the vice president of the Society, and is awarded "to those who distinguish themselves by geographical discoveries or in the advancement of geographical science". It was first awarded in 1896 to Robert E. Peary. The gold medal was designed by Lydia Field Emmet.
"On the front is the figure of a young man standing in the bow of a boat. He has thrown down his oars upon discovering land. He shades his eyes with his hand as the boat progresses through the waves. A sea gull, hovering, indicates the proximity of land. The whole is supposed to represent enterprise and the spirit of exploration. Inscribed on the face of the medal is: "The American Geographical Society of New York.""
"The reverse, to typify achievement and award, bears a female figure - Columbia, the left hand resting on a globe and the right holding out a laurel wreath. Beneath the right are is the tablet to bear the record of the achievement for which the award is made. On the side is the inscription, "The Cullum Geographical Medal.""
==Recipients==
Source: (AGS )
*1896: Robert E. Peary
*1897: Fridtjof Nansen
*1899: Sir John Murray
*1901: Thomas C. Mendenhall
*1902: A. Donaldson Smith
*1903: H.R.H. Duke of the Abruzzi
*1904: Georg von Neumayer, Sven Hedin
*1906: Robert Bell, Robert Falcon Scott
*1908: William Morris Davis
*1909: Francisco P. Moreno, Sir Ernest Shackleton
*1910: Hermann Wagner
*1911: Jean B. A. E. Charcot
*1914: Sir John Scott Keltie, Ellen Churchill Semple
*1917: George W. Goethals
*1918: Frederick Haynes Newell
*1919: Emmanuel de Margerie, Henry Fairfield Osborn
*1921: Albert I, Prince of Monaco
*1922: Edward A. Reeves
*1924: Jovan Cvijić
*1925: Lucien Gallois, Harvey C. Hayes, Pedro C. Sanchez
*1929: Jean Brunhes, Alfred Hettner, Hugh Robert Mill, Jules de Schokalsky
*1930: Curtis Fletcher Marbut
*1931: Mark Jefferson
*1932: Bertram Thomas
*1935: Douglas Johnson
*1938: Louise Arner Boyd
*1939: Emmanuel de Martonne
*1940: Robert Cushman Murphy
*1943: Arthur Robert Hinks
*1948: Hugh Hammond Bennett
*1950: Hans Wilhelmsson Ahlmann
*1952: Roberto Almagia
*1954: British Everest Expedition
*1956: J. Russell Smith
*1958: Charles Warren Thornthwaite
*1959: Albert Paddock Crary
*1961: William Maurice Ewing
*1962: Richard Joel Russell
*1963: Rachel Louise Carson
*1964: John Leighly
*1965: Kirtley Fletcher Mather
*1967: Peter Haggett
*1968: Luna B. Leopold
*1969: Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., Michael Collins
*1973: Bruce Heezen
*1975: Rene Dubos
*1985: Chauncy D. Harris
*1987: F. Kenneth Hare, Yi-Fu Tuan
*1989: M. Gordon Wolman
*1997: Melvin G. Marcus
*1999: Jack Dangermond, David Lowenthal
*2001: Wilbur Zelinsky
*2009: Peter Smith, Matthew Henson〔.〕
*2014: Lee Schwartz
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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